I determined today that the alarm transducer is located on the right side of the car just forward of the passenger seat pan. To get to it, you have to remove the forward under-panel except for the back edge, which flexes down to give access. The transducer is located just above the back edge of the under-panel.
The same transducer produces both the annunciating beeps and the siren when the system is violated. The different sounds are generated by a circuit board within the transducer housing, the transducer acting as a sort of speaker. Disconnecting the transducer itself (it unplugs from the circuit board) disables both the beeps and the siren. There's no way to get around this because the wiring to the board responds to digital signals from a master control unit at an undetermined location.
The compromise I accepted is duct taping the face of the transducer. This substantially reduces the annunciator sound. It also reduces the siren, but the siren is much louder anyway so its attenuation is not as apparent.
I wonder how much the dealer-installed alarm is. I might be willing to have it replace the factory alarm since I understand it omits the annunciator noise.