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Aug 17, 2008
(Edited)
Handy little guide to sniffing out the BS when it's thrown your way:
│ => 1. Unprovable Fallacy: if not proven false, conclusion is true.
│ => 2. False Contingency: from a small sample to a large 'if...then' conclusion
│ => 3. False Dilemma: only 2 choices allowed.
│ => 4. False Association: two totally unrelated assertions define the conclusion.
│ => 5. Personal Attack: the person rather than the argument is attacked
│ => 6. Circumstantial Personal Attack: attack the circumstances/predicament of the person rather than the argument.
│ => 7. Hypocritical Personal Attack: the attacker has the same attribute as the person attacked
│ => 8. Testimonial Fallacy: well known figures incorrectly used in absentia to support a conclusion.
│ => 9. Anonymous Authority: the authority in question is not named.
│ => 10. Denying-doer: conclusion supported despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary.
│ => 11. Cause-Effect/Post Hoc: because one event follows another, it necessarily either caused or was cause by the other.
│ => 12. Non sequitur: conclusion defended, although assertions do not support it.
│ => 13. False Analogy: two relevantly dissimilar events used to support a conclusion.
│ => 14. Circular Reasoning: conclusion is assumed by the premises.
│ => 15. Fallacy of Composition: because the attributes of the parts of a whole have something in common, the whole includes that commonality.
Read more at
False Authority: FALLACY Arguments
and here too:
http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/
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